· Early initiation of combination treatment (ART) is associated with health benefits in terms of reduced morbidity and mortality in all age groups. · In addition, ART is effective for preventing HIV transmission. · It also helps to drastically reduce ...
· The common tests for diagnosing HIV/AIDs include: ELISA Test — ELISA, which stands for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is used to detect HIV infection (detects antibodies against HIV-1)and is both highly sensitive and specific § If an ELISA test is ...
· In the absence of ART, disease progression goes through the following clinical stages o Primary Infection or becoming HIV Infected § Most primary infection, i.e. new infection with HIV, usually is not immediately noticed. § It presents with short ...
· The virus through its envelope proteins attaches to the CD4 receptor and co-receptors found on the surface of T lymphocytes and macrophage to gain entry to the host cells. · Following entry of the HIV into a susceptible host ...
· AIDs is a set of symptoms (or syndrome) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The clinical features may be due to HIV per se or as a result of immune system destruction. · It has the following features: o ...
· It is important to monitor Malaria therapy in order to evaluate if it is effective · Patients can be monitored clinically and/or by using laboratory test to confirm for absence/presence of malaria parasite in their blood · A follow-up ...
Management of uncomplicated Malaria: Drug of choice for treatment of uncomplicated malaria is Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL), which is a fixed formulation of artemether 20mg and lumefantrine 120mg or dispersible tablets for paediatric use Use of Artemether-lumefantrine (ALu) in Pregnancy · Presently, ...
· Parasite-based diagnosis is recommended for all patients presenting with signs and symptoms of malaria. · The recommended investigations are: malaria microscopy and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) · In severe malaria, blood slide (BS) is a recommended malaria test ...
· Extreme weakness · Impaired consciousness · Change of behaviour ( hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and acute state of confusion) · Respiratory distress · Bleeding tendency · Jaundice · Circulatory collapse/ shock · Vomiting everything · Inability to drink or breastfeed ...
· Fever · Headache · Malaise · Joint pains · Vomiting /diarrhoea · Body ache · Poor appetite · Body weakness · Pallor · Enlarged spleen References Wells BG, DiPiro J, Schwinghammer T (2013), Pharmacotherapy Handbook (6th Ed). New York, ...